Results for LBNL_PROD_LS_395

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Basic Information for LBNL_PROD_LS_395

Brief description of DB components associated to this Module and associated tests


Click for packaging sticker
MetadataValue
Alt Identifier LBNL_STRIP_MODULES-BARREL_LS_MODULE-0457
Serial Number 20USBML1237573
Batch PRODUCTION_LBNL
Assembled False
Completed False
Current Location SCIPP, UC Santa Cruz
Manufacture ID 5
User Botho Paschen

Children

Alt IdentifierLocal NameSerial NumberTypeTrashedCompletedTimestamp
20USBP05011172 B3 False True 2026-01-20T18:56:49.600Z
LBNL_STRIP_MODULES-X-0584 GPC2328_X_002_B_H0 20USBHX2004043 X False False 2026-01-20T18:56:47.152Z
VPA43814-W05614 20USBSL0005614 ATLAS18LS False True 2026-01-20T18:53:27.189Z

Parents

ComponentTypeTimestamp

NameCurrent StageTimestamp

Test NamePassed?Date
Module IV with PS V1 2025-12-12T16:24:00.000Z
Visual Inspection 2026-01-22T18:21:35.305Z
Module glue weights
Module Metrology 2026-01-16T23:57:43.000Z
Module Wire Bonding 2026-01-22T18:21:35.110Z
Module IV with AMAC 2026-05-27T21:47:07.000Z

AMAC IV for LBNL_PROD_LS_395

Shown below are results for the AMAC IV 

SensorIVSvc::CalculateVBD                  INFO                Average voltage 5.000000, current 0.014395, dIdV 0.002236
SensorIVSvc::CalculateVBD                  INFO                V_avg_BD 0.776639 and VBD limit 5.500000
SensorIVSvc::CalculateVBD                  INFO                Average voltage 14.980000, current 0.049925, dIdV 0.004879
SensorIVSvc::CalculateVBD                  INFO                V_avg_BD 1.463944 and VBD limit 5.500000
SensorIVSvc::CalculateVBD                  INFO                Average voltage 24.980000, current 0.122575, dIdV 0.009651
SensorIVSvc::CalculateVBD                  INFO                V_avg_BD 1.966812 and VBD limit 5.500000
SensorIVSvc::CalculateVBD                  INFO                Average voltage 34.980000, current 0.261200, dIdV 0.018074
SensorIVSvc::CalculateVBD                  INFO                V_avg_BD 2.420477 and VBD limit 5.500000
SensorIVSvc::CalculateVBD                  INFO                Average voltage 44.980000, current 0.493135, dIdV 0.028313
SensorIVSvc::CalculateVBD                  INFO                V_avg_BD 2.582495 and VBD limit 5.500000
SensorIVSvc::CalculateVBD                  INFO                Average voltage 54.980000, current 0.824375, dIdV 0.037935
SensorIVSvc::CalculateVBD                  INFO                V_avg_BD 2.529997 and VBD limit 5.500000
SensorIVSvc::CalculateVBD                  INFO                Average voltage 64.980003, current 1.240345, dIdV 0.045259
SensorIVSvc::CalculateVBD                  INFO                V_avg_BD 2.371058 and VBD limit 5.500000
SensorIVSvc::CalculateVBD                  INFO                Average voltage 75.029999, current 1.721260, dIdV 0.050420
SensorIVSvc::CalculateVBD                  INFO                V_avg_BD 2.197807 and VBD limit 5.500000
SensorIVSvc::CalculateVBD                  INFO                Average voltage 85.050003, current 2.244580, dIdV 0.054064
SensorIVSvc::CalculateVBD                  INFO                V_avg_BD 2.048569 and VBD limit 5.500000
SensorIVSvc::CalculateVBD                  INFO                Average voltage 95.009995, current 2.804140, dIdV 0.058289
SensorIVSvc::CalculateVBD                  INFO                V_avg_BD 1.974936 and VBD limit 5.500000
SensorIVSvc::CalculateVBD                  INFO                Average voltage 105.010002, current 3.384020, dIdV 0.057689
SensorIVSvc::CalculateVBD                  INFO                V_avg_BD 1.790144 and VBD limit 5.500000
SensorIVSvc::CalculateVBD                  INFO                Average voltage 115.040001, current 3.957245, dIdV 0.056615
SensorIVSvc::CalculateVBD                  INFO                V_avg_BD 1.645826 and VBD limit 5.500000
SensorIVSvc::CalculateVBD                  INFO                Average voltage 125.059998, current 4.589580, dIdV 0.069626
SensorIVSvc::CalculateVBD                  INFO                V_avg_BD 1.897217 and VBD limit 5.500000
SensorIVSvc::CalculateVBD                  INFO                Average voltage 135.059998, current 5.258095, dIdV 0.064077
SensorIVSvc::CalculateVBD                  INFO                V_avg_BD 1.645889 and VBD limit 5.500000
SensorIVSvc::CalculateVBD                  INFO                Average voltage 145.069992, current 5.800305, dIdV 0.044276
SensorIVSvc::CalculateVBD                  INFO                V_avg_BD 1.107387 and VBD limit 5.500000
SensorIVSvc::CalculateVBD                  INFO                Average voltage 155.089996, current 6.359860, dIdV 0.067411
SensorIVSvc::CalculateVBD                  INFO                V_avg_BD 1.643873 and VBD limit 5.500000
SensorIVSvc::CalculateVBD                  INFO                Average voltage 165.100006, current 6.952220, dIdV 0.050926
SensorIVSvc::CalculateVBD                  INFO                V_avg_BD 1.209381 and VBD limit 5.500000
SensorIVSvc::CalculateVBD                  INFO                Average voltage 175.130005, current 7.536775, dIdV 0.065591
SensorIVSvc::CalculateVBD                  INFO                V_avg_BD 1.524131 and VBD limit 5.500000
SensorIVSvc::CalculateVBD                  INFO                Average voltage 185.130005, current 8.195895, dIdV 0.066236
SensorIVSvc::CalculateVBD                  INFO                V_avg_BD 1.496157 and VBD limit 5.500000
SensorIVSvc::CalculateVBD                  INFO                Average voltage 195.100006, current 8.909785, dIdV 0.076939
SensorIVSvc::CalculateVBD                  INFO                V_avg_BD 1.684754 and VBD limit 5.500000
SensorIVSvc::CalculateVBD                  INFO                Average voltage 205.139999, current 9.741025, dIdV 0.088600
SensorIVSvc::CalculateVBD                  INFO                V_avg_BD 1.865866 and VBD limit 5.500000
SensorIVSvc::CalculateVBD                  INFO                Average voltage 105.089996, current 5.093785, dIdV 0.048471
SensorIVSvc::CalculateVBD                  INFO                V_avg_BD 1.000000 and VBD limit 5.500000
SensorIVSvc::CalculateVBD                  INFO                Calculated VBD to be 210.179993
SensorIVSvc::read                          INFO                RMS current stability 0.000000
IService::UPLOADDB                         INFO                Working on test code MODULE_IV_AMAC
SensorIVSvc::uploadDB                      INFO                Formatting database upload for MODULE_IV_AMAC and run number 1
%s                                         INFO                /home/data/upload//SensorIV_AMACIV_PPB_v1/RAW_SN20USBML1237573_UNKNOWN_20260527_2_3_MODULE_IV_AMAC-1.json
IService::log                              INFO                Logging status 0111 for component LBNL_PROD_LS_395
IService::install                          INFO                Installing output directory to /home/data/modules/LBNL_PROD_LS_395/SensorIV_AMACIV_PPB_v1-1/
IService::install                          INFO                Installed warningLog.txt...
IService::install                          INFO                Installed errorLog.txt...
IService::install                          INFO                Installed infoLog.txt...
IService::install                          INFO                Installed IVCurve.pdf...
IService::install                          INFO                Installed DB_READY_MODULE_MODULE_IV_AMAC.json...
IService::install                          INFO                Installed LBNL_PROD_LS_395.root...
IService::install                          INFO                Installed status.json...
TopControl::monitor                        INFO                Service with algoirthm name SixWayJig_Y_slots ignored through users request!
TopControl::monitor                        INFO                Service with algoirthm name HybridMetrology ignored through users request!
TopControl::monitor                        INFO                Service with algoirthm name HybridPanelMetrology ignored through users request!
TopControl::monitor                        INFO                Service with algoirthm name HybridPanelMetrology_v7 ignored through users request!
TopControl::monitor                        INFO                Service with algoirthm name HybridMetrology_v8 ignored through users request!
TopControl::monitor                        INFO                Service with algoirthm name HybridMetrology_Y_v8 ignored through users request!
TopControl::monitor                        INFO                Service with algoirthm name MetrologyHybrid_v10 ignored through users request!
TopControl::monitor                        INFO                Service with algoirthm name MetrologyHybrid_v10-beta ignored through users request!
TopControl::monitor                        INFO                Service with algoirthm name MetrologyHybrid_PROD_X_v2_interposer ignored through users request!
TopControl::monitor                        INFO                Service with algoirthm name MetrologyHybrid_PROD_X_v2_thick_interposer ignored through users request!
TopControl::monitor                        INFO                Service with algoirthm name MetrologyHybrid_PROD_Y_v0_thin_interposer ignored through users request!
TopControl::monitor                        INFO                Service with algoirthm name HybridToSensorMetrology_v2a ignored through users request!
TopControl::monitor                        INFO                Service with algoirthm name MetrologyModules_v8 ignored through users request!
TopControl::monitor                        INFO                Service with algoirthm name MetrologyModules_v8a ignored through users request!
TopControl::monitor                        INFO                Service with algoirthm name MetrologyModules_PPA_SS_v1 ignored through users request!
TopControl::monitor                        INFO                Service with algoirthm name MetrologyModules_PPB_SS_v1 ignored through users request!
TopControl::monitor                        INFO                Service with algoirthm name MetrologyModules_PPB_SS_wuerth_v1 ignored through users request!
TopControl::monitor                        INFO                Service with algoirthm name MetrologyModules_PPB_LS_v1 ignored through users request!
TopControl::monitor                        INFO                Service with algoirthm name MetrologyModules_PROD_LS_v1 ignored through users request!
TopControl::monitor                        INFO                Service with algoirthm name MetrologyModules_PROD_SS_v1 ignored through users request!
TopControl::monitor                        INFO                Service with algoirthm name MetrologyModules_PROD_LS_v1_thin ignored through users request!
TopControl::monitor                        INFO                Service with algoirthm name MetrologyModules_PROD_LS_v1_interposer ignored through users request!
TopControl::monitor                        INFO                Service with algoirthm name MetrologyModules_PROD_LS_v1_thin_interposer ignored through users request!
TopControl::monitor                        INFO                Service with algoirthm name MetrologyModules_PROD_SS_v1_thin ignored through users request!
TopControl::monitor                        INFO                Service with algoirthm name MetrologyModules_PROD_SS_v1_thin_interposer ignored through users request!
TopControl::monitor                        INFO                Service with algoirthm name ModuleLS_Bow_PPA_v0 ignored through users request!
TopControl::monitor                        INFO                Service with algoirthm name ModuleSS_Bow_PPA_v0 ignored through users request!
TopControl::monitor                        INFO                Service with algoirthm name ElectricalHybrids ignored through users request!
TopControl::monitor                        INFO                Service with algoirthm name ElectricalHybrids_PPB_v1 ignored through users request!
TopControl::monitor                        INFO                Service with algoirthm name BurnInHybrids_PPB_v1 ignored through users request!
TopControl::monitor                        INFO                Service with algoirthm name BurnInHybrids_PROD_v2 ignored through users request!
TopControl::monitor                        INFO                Service with algoirthm name ElectricalModules_PPA_v1 ignored through users request!
TopControl::monitor                        INFO                Service with algoirthm name TCModules_PROD_v0 ignored through users request!

IService::PASSFAIL                         WARNING             Service LBNL_PROD_LS_395 has failed criteria!


 
 
 



  

    

    
MetadataValue

    
     

    Component type ATLAS18LS
	 
Operator Marcus Clark Wong
	 
Date 2026-06-03T20:51:54.882+00:00
	 
Institute UCSC
	 
Power supply CAEN_DT1415ET
	 
Temperarture [C] 999.0
	 
Humidity 30.0
	 
Current per area @500V 0.000
	 
Breakdown voltage 210.180
	 
Breakdown voltage (ITSDAQ) 99900004523510921915466200820333150208.000
	 
Passed (ITSDAQ) True
	 
Current stability (RMS@700V) 0.000

    

  




                    

                    The current measurements are calibrated to a common temperature using the following relationship:
                    $$I_{temp}^{SF} = \left ( \frac{T_{ref}}{T_{meas}} \right )^{2} \times e^{eE_{g}^{Si} \frac{T_{ref}-T_{meas}}{2 k_{B} T_{ref} T_{meas}  }} $$
                    where \( T_{ref} \) is the reference temperature,
                    \( T_{meas} \) is the temperatured measured during the test,
                    \( e \) is the electric charge,
                    \( E_{g}^{Si} \) is the band gap energy of silicon, and
                    \( k_{B} \) is the Boltzman constant
                    

                    


  







  
 AMAC IV for LBNL_PROD_LS_395  

  


 Shown below are results for the AMAC IV 
SensorIVSvc::CalculateVBD                  INFO                Average voltage 5.000000, current 0.014395, dIdV 0.002236
SensorIVSvc::CalculateVBD                  INFO                V_avg_BD 0.776639 and VBD limit 5.500000
SensorIVSvc::CalculateVBD                  INFO                Average voltage 14.980000, current 0.049925, dIdV 0.004879
SensorIVSvc::CalculateVBD                  INFO                V_avg_BD 1.463944 and VBD limit 5.500000
SensorIVSvc::CalculateVBD                  INFO                Average voltage 24.980000, current 0.122575, dIdV 0.009651
SensorIVSvc::CalculateVBD                  INFO                V_avg_BD 1.966812 and VBD limit 5.500000
SensorIVSvc::CalculateVBD                  INFO                Average voltage 34.980000, current 0.261200, dIdV 0.018074
SensorIVSvc::CalculateVBD                  INFO                V_avg_BD 2.420477 and VBD limit 5.500000
SensorIVSvc::CalculateVBD                  INFO                Average voltage 44.980000, current 0.493135, dIdV 0.028313
SensorIVSvc::CalculateVBD                  INFO                V_avg_BD 2.582495 and VBD limit 5.500000
SensorIVSvc::CalculateVBD                  INFO                Average voltage 54.980000, current 0.824375, dIdV 0.037935
SensorIVSvc::CalculateVBD                  INFO                V_avg_BD 2.529997 and VBD limit 5.500000
SensorIVSvc::CalculateVBD                  INFO                Average voltage 64.980003, current 1.240345, dIdV 0.045259
SensorIVSvc::CalculateVBD                  INFO                V_avg_BD 2.371058 and VBD limit 5.500000
SensorIVSvc::CalculateVBD                  INFO                Average voltage 75.029999, current 1.721260, dIdV 0.050420
SensorIVSvc::CalculateVBD                  INFO                V_avg_BD 2.197807 and VBD limit 5.500000
SensorIVSvc::CalculateVBD                  INFO                Average voltage 85.050003, current 2.244580, dIdV 0.054064
SensorIVSvc::CalculateVBD                  INFO                V_avg_BD 2.048569 and VBD limit 5.500000
SensorIVSvc::CalculateVBD                  INFO                Average voltage 95.009995, current 2.804140, dIdV 0.058289
SensorIVSvc::CalculateVBD                  INFO                V_avg_BD 1.974936 and VBD limit 5.500000
SensorIVSvc::CalculateVBD                  INFO                Average voltage 105.010002, current 3.384020, dIdV 0.057689
SensorIVSvc::CalculateVBD                  INFO                V_avg_BD 1.790144 and VBD limit 5.500000
SensorIVSvc::CalculateVBD                  INFO                Average voltage 115.040001, current 3.957245, dIdV 0.056615
SensorIVSvc::CalculateVBD                  INFO                V_avg_BD 1.645826 and VBD limit 5.500000
SensorIVSvc::CalculateVBD                  INFO                Average voltage 125.059998, current 4.589580, dIdV 0.069626
SensorIVSvc::CalculateVBD                  INFO                V_avg_BD 1.897217 and VBD limit 5.500000
SensorIVSvc::CalculateVBD                  INFO                Average voltage 135.059998, current 5.258095, dIdV 0.064077
SensorIVSvc::CalculateVBD                  INFO                V_avg_BD 1.645889 and VBD limit 5.500000
SensorIVSvc::CalculateVBD                  INFO                Average voltage 145.069992, current 5.800305, dIdV 0.044276
SensorIVSvc::CalculateVBD                  INFO                V_avg_BD 1.107387 and VBD limit 5.500000
SensorIVSvc::CalculateVBD                  INFO                Average voltage 155.089996, current 6.359860, dIdV 0.067411
SensorIVSvc::CalculateVBD                  INFO                V_avg_BD 1.643873 and VBD limit 5.500000
SensorIVSvc::CalculateVBD                  INFO                Average voltage 165.100006, current 6.952220, dIdV 0.050926
SensorIVSvc::CalculateVBD                  INFO                V_avg_BD 1.209381 and VBD limit 5.500000
SensorIVSvc::CalculateVBD                  INFO                Average voltage 175.130005, current 7.536775, dIdV 0.065591
SensorIVSvc::CalculateVBD                  INFO                V_avg_BD 1.524131 and VBD limit 5.500000
SensorIVSvc::CalculateVBD                  INFO                Average voltage 185.130005, current 8.195895, dIdV 0.066236
SensorIVSvc::CalculateVBD                  INFO                V_avg_BD 1.496157 and VBD limit 5.500000
SensorIVSvc::CalculateVBD                  INFO                Average voltage 195.100006, current 8.909785, dIdV 0.076939
SensorIVSvc::CalculateVBD                  INFO                V_avg_BD 1.684754 and VBD limit 5.500000
SensorIVSvc::CalculateVBD                  INFO                Average voltage 205.139999, current 9.741025, dIdV 0.088600
SensorIVSvc::CalculateVBD                  INFO                V_avg_BD 1.865866 and VBD limit 5.500000
SensorIVSvc::CalculateVBD                  INFO                Average voltage 105.089996, current 5.093785, dIdV 0.048471
SensorIVSvc::CalculateVBD                  INFO                V_avg_BD 1.000000 and VBD limit 5.500000
SensorIVSvc::CalculateVBD                  INFO                Calculated VBD to be 210.179993
SensorIVSvc::read                          INFO                RMS current stability 0.000000
IService::UPLOADDB                         INFO                Working on test code MODULE_IV_AMAC
SensorIVSvc::uploadDB                      INFO                Formatting database upload for MODULE_IV_AMAC and run number 2
%s                                         INFO                /home/data/upload//SensorIV_AMACIV_PPB_v1/RAW_SN20USBML1237573_UNKNOWN_20260527_2_3_MODULE_IV_AMAC-2.json
IService::log                              INFO                Logging status 0111 for component LBNL_PROD_LS_395
IService::install                          INFO                Installing output directory to /home/data/modules/LBNL_PROD_LS_395/SensorIV_AMACIV_PPB_v1-2/
IService::install                          INFO                Installed warningLog.txt...
IService::install                          INFO                Installed errorLog.txt...
IService::install                          INFO                Installed infoLog.txt...
IService::install                          INFO                Installed IVCurve.pdf...
IService::install                          INFO                Installed DB_READY_MODULE_MODULE_IV_AMAC.json...
IService::install                          INFO                Installed LBNL_PROD_LS_395.root...
IService::install                          INFO                Installed status.json...
TopControl::monitor                        INFO                Service with algoirthm name SixWayJig_Y_slots ignored through users request!
TopControl::monitor                        INFO                Service with algoirthm name HybridMetrology ignored through users request!
TopControl::monitor                        INFO                Service with algoirthm name HybridPanelMetrology ignored through users request!
TopControl::monitor                        INFO                Service with algoirthm name HybridPanelMetrology_v7 ignored through users request!
TopControl::monitor                        INFO                Service with algoirthm name HybridMetrology_v8 ignored through users request!
TopControl::monitor                        INFO                Service with algoirthm name HybridMetrology_Y_v8 ignored through users request!
TopControl::monitor                        INFO                Service with algoirthm name MetrologyHybrid_v10 ignored through users request!
TopControl::monitor                        INFO                Service with algoirthm name MetrologyHybrid_v10-beta ignored through users request!
TopControl::monitor                        INFO                Service with algoirthm name MetrologyHybrid_PROD_X_v2_interposer ignored through users request!
TopControl::monitor                        INFO                Service with algoirthm name MetrologyHybrid_PROD_X_v2_thick_interposer ignored through users request!
TopControl::monitor                        INFO                Service with algoirthm name MetrologyHybrid_PROD_Y_v0_thin_interposer ignored through users request!
TopControl::monitor                        INFO                Service with algoirthm name HybridToSensorMetrology_v2a ignored through users request!
TopControl::monitor                        INFO                Service with algoirthm name MetrologyModules_v8 ignored through users request!
TopControl::monitor                        INFO                Service with algoirthm name MetrologyModules_v8a ignored through users request!
TopControl::monitor                        INFO                Service with algoirthm name MetrologyModules_PPA_SS_v1 ignored through users request!
TopControl::monitor                        INFO                Service with algoirthm name MetrologyModules_PPB_SS_v1 ignored through users request!
TopControl::monitor                        INFO                Service with algoirthm name MetrologyModules_PPB_SS_wuerth_v1 ignored through users request!
TopControl::monitor                        INFO                Service with algoirthm name MetrologyModules_PPB_LS_v1 ignored through users request!
TopControl::monitor                        INFO                Service with algoirthm name MetrologyModules_PROD_LS_v1 ignored through users request!
TopControl::monitor                        INFO                Service with algoirthm name MetrologyModules_PROD_SS_v1 ignored through users request!
TopControl::monitor                        INFO                Service with algoirthm name MetrologyModules_PROD_LS_v1_thin ignored through users request!
TopControl::monitor                        INFO                Service with algoirthm name MetrologyModules_PROD_LS_v1_interposer ignored through users request!
TopControl::monitor                        INFO                Service with algoirthm name MetrologyModules_PROD_LS_v1_thin_interposer ignored through users request!
TopControl::monitor                        INFO                Service with algoirthm name MetrologyModules_PROD_SS_v1_thin ignored through users request!
TopControl::monitor                        INFO                Service with algoirthm name MetrologyModules_PROD_SS_v1_thin_interposer ignored through users request!
TopControl::monitor                        INFO                Service with algoirthm name ModuleLS_Bow_PPA_v0 ignored through users request!
TopControl::monitor                        INFO                Service with algoirthm name ModuleSS_Bow_PPA_v0 ignored through users request!
TopControl::monitor                        INFO                Service with algoirthm name ElectricalHybrids ignored through users request!
TopControl::monitor                        INFO                Service with algoirthm name ElectricalHybrids_PPB_v1 ignored through users request!
TopControl::monitor                        INFO                Service with algoirthm name BurnInHybrids_PPB_v1 ignored through users request!
TopControl::monitor                        INFO                Service with algoirthm name BurnInHybrids_PROD_v2 ignored through users request!
TopControl::monitor                        INFO                Service with algoirthm name ElectricalModules_PPA_v1 ignored through users request!
TopControl::monitor                        INFO                Service with algoirthm name TCModules_PROD_v0 ignored through users request!

IService::PASSFAIL                         WARNING             Service LBNL_PROD_LS_395 has failed criteria!


 

     

  •  ✔ Component is at UCSC. OK to upload 
    •  

  •  ✘ Component fails stage checks. Current stage is LIMBO but requires one of { "BONDED", "TESTED" }. Prohibiting upload! 
    •  

  •  ✘ Component has failed criteria!
    •  

 
 

 

 
 
 
 



  

    

    
MetadataValue

    
     

    Component type ATLAS18LS
	 
Operator Marcus Clark Wong
	 
Date 2026-06-03T20:55:39.069+00:00
	 
Institute UCSC
	 
Power supply CAEN_DT1415ET
	 
Temperarture [C] 999.0
	 
Humidity 30.0
	 
Current per area @500V 0.000
	 
Breakdown voltage 210.180
	 
Breakdown voltage (ITSDAQ) 99900004523510921915466200820333150208.000
	 
Passed (ITSDAQ) True
	 
Current stability (RMS@700V) 0.000

    

  




                    

                    The current measurements are calibrated to a common temperature using the following relationship:
                    $$I_{temp}^{SF} = \left ( \frac{T_{ref}}{T_{meas}} \right )^{2} \times e^{eE_{g}^{Si} \frac{T_{ref}-T_{meas}}{2 k_{B} T_{ref} T_{meas}  }} $$
                    where \( T_{ref} \) is the reference temperature,
                    \( T_{meas} \) is the temperatured measured during the test,
                    \( e \) is the electric charge,
                    \( E_{g}^{Si} \) is the band gap energy of silicon, and
                    \( k_{B} \) is the Boltzman constant